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Ivan Marinov
ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF ONLINE CONSUMERS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION: RELATIONSHIPS AND EXTREME VALUES
Abstract:
The present study aims to reveal relationships and extreme values concerning online consumer activity within the European Union. The conclusions of the research are based on official statistics relating to people from the 27 EU member states who made online purchases in 2022. The study utilised analysis of variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistical methods to analyse the grouped data from the research. In the course of the study, statistically significant correlations between sequentially selected factors, such as age, education, and digital skills of the respondents, and the dependent variable – online purchasing activity of consumers from the EU, were derived.
With the help of a box plot, it is observed that the percentages of male and female online shoppers aged between 16 and 24 years from Bulgaria, Romania and Cyprus reach moderately low extreme values in the distribution. Using the same graphical method, a moderately low extreme value of the percentage of women with higher education from Bulgaria, who made online purchases in 2022, is visualised. The percentages of online consumers who are "professionals" in the field of ICT from Cyprus, Bulgaria and Romania are abnormally low, and for "non- professionals" in this field, the percentage of online consumers from Romania appears as a moderately low extreme value. The obtained empirical results can be transformed into reference points for the formation of market strategies by traders.
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Donka Zhelyazkova, Sergey Piddrubrivnyy
POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR DEVELOPING EU TRADE RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA
Abstract:
The study presents general scenarios for the future development of EU trade relations with Russia, which are conditionally marked as ‘stagnation’, ‘optimistic’ and ‘pessimistic’. The dynamics of the sanctions regime is used as a key indicator for distinguishing these scenarios. We associate the first scenario, called ‘stagnation’, with the expectations of a serious slowdown in the economic growth of the EU and Russia. The second, described as ‘optimistic’, is based on expectations for a gradual recovery and development of the trade relations between the two countries over a long period of time. The third scenario is defined as ‘pessimistic’, given the consolidated tightening of anti-Russian sanctions within the transatlantic alliance and the expansion of Russia’s countermeasures.
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Donka Zhelyazkova, Sergey Piddrubrivnyy
STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EU TRADE RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA
Abstract:
The study focuses on four main stages in the development of EU trade relations with Russia, covering the time horizon between 1992 and 2020. These stages are conditional and follow the analogy of the life cycle main stages (establishment, growth and maturity of relations). However, in connection with the reciprocal restrictive measures constituting a special interest in the context of the issues discussed in the study, the contemporary stage, conditionally called the period of challenges, is examined separately. The relevance of the topic and the importance of the problem are related to the strategic significance of EU trade relations with Russia and the intensity of trade, investment and financial flows migrating between them on the one hand, and to the need to revise these relations in the context of the modern economic and political environment, on the other.
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Radi Dimitrov
PROVIDING ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FOR THE AUDIT OF EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Abstract:
Professional players on the Russian market in microelectronics form temporary partnerships so that they can design and develop microelectronic devices with a certain life cycle. This paper proves that the capacity of such partnerships to develop successfully and to achieve the goals they have set depends on the stages of their development, i.e. the stages of a partnership life cycle. The materialisation of these partnerships refers to all stages of the technological value chain of microelectronic devices, which allows each professional player on the Russian market in microelectronics to perform their functions. Each stage of the partnership life cycle relates to specific features and key success factors. By analysing the stages of partnerships life cycles, it is possible to predict and identify potential problems in terms of the materialisation and development of inter-organisational relationships.
