-
Lyudmil Naydenov
HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE DURING
A PANDEMIC: COVID-19 AND THE CASE
OF BULGARIA
Abstract:
This article examines the expenditures of Bulgarian households during the COVID-19 pandemic. It specifies the theoretical and methodological features of the concepts of the household total and monetary expenditures and outlines their structure and specific characteristics. It also proves that the amount of total consumer expenditure is greater than the amount of monetary consumer expenditure. The structure and dynamics of the total expenditure average per household and per person are analyzed, deriving the factors that affect the trends in the change of the studied categories. The object of study is household total expenditure, and the subject involves the supposed role of COVID-19 as a factor that affects the state and dynamics of household total expenditure and/or its structure in Bulgaria. The conclusion is that there is a negative pandemic impact, but it should not be overestimated and/or dramatized.
-
Bożena Sowa
THE IMPACT OF THE TAX HARMONIZATION PROCESS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF VAT) ON BUDGET REVENUES IN 25 SELECTED EU COUNTRIES – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Abstract:
As a result of the progressive integration of European countries, a need has emerged to integrate tax law provisions, especially in the field of indirect taxes. Over the years, it has been possible to introduce several changes aimed at, among other things, equalizing the level of tax rates as well as reducing the tax gap through preventive measures taken at the European level.
This paper aims to assess the impact of the VAT harmonization process on the level of budget revenues on the example of 25 selected EU countries that have been members of the community since 2004 (Poland, Estonia, the Czech Republic and Hungary). The impact of changes in VAT rates and the dynamics of revenues on the budgets of individual countries due to value-added tax is analyzed in particular.
The article is based on a comparative analysis of financial data posted on the official EU website, available literature on the subject, scientific articles and internet resources, with the particular use of national normative acts and EU legal regulations. In addition, a statistical research method is used, and the results, presented in tables and graphs, are then subjected to interpretation.
The results of the research carried out:
1) The need for tax harmonization is the result of the progressive integration of countries within the structure of the European Union. One primary aspect, which has not been achieved yet, is the harmonization of VAT rates applied in individual countries.
2) Another issue that requires additional harmonization regulations is the applicable registration thresholds, beyond which the obligation to register an active VAT payer arises.
3) Considerable success achieved in the process of VAT harmonization is the reduction of the gap size in each of the surveyed Member States over the years after the accession to the EU.
-
Radi Dimitrov
CURRENT ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING FOR COSTS FINANCED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Abstract:
Projects, financed by the operational programmes under the European structural and investment funds, provide funding to individual sectors and activities under condition with the aim to enhance integration, increase the quality of operations and services, develop human resources, and in the long run to improve social, economic and political situation in the European Union Member States. The study clarifies the main problems in accounting for costs in relation to the implementation of these projects in budget organizations in the country. The focus is on regulations on the eligibility of operations and activities in regard to the absorption of the EU financial support.
-
Lubomir Lubenov
COMMUNICATION POLICIES OF BEEKEEPING FARMS IN BULGARIA WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EU
Abstract:
The substantial export potential of Bulgarian beekeeping requires that any national programme on beekeeping include promotion measures about third countries and EU member-states. Those measures should primarily refer to high-quality bee products that are organic, with protected geographical indication (PGI), with protected designation of origin (PDO), etc. The share of promotional budgets for Bulgarian beekeeping in the national beekeeping programmes must be increased since promotional EU budgets have been rising steadily. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU has established the infrastructure and the environment, in which beekeeping farms should employ communication instruments more comprehensively and conduct more extensive communication policies. Although the CAP finances and subsidises the advertising of Bulgarian bee products at higher meso, macro and mega levels, it requires horizontal integration. PR and direct marketing have been identified as some of the most appropriate communication instruments for Bulgarian beekeeping farms. PR integrates into a single cause all marketing communications, while direct marketing may be employed as a strategic instrument for accomplishing long-term goals and improving the management of customer relations.
-
Radi Dimitrov
POSSIBILITIES FOR OPTIMIZING
THE REPORTING OF MONETARY FUNDS
IN THE BANK ACCOUNTS OF BUDGETARY ORGANIZATIONS
Abstract:
A survey of the used models of accounting reporting of public sector funds in banks has found that it is necessary to achieve a bigger correspondence between the content of the reported item and the definitions established by the theory, practice and legislation in the field of accounting. The study offers effective possibilities for optimization of the reporting of the budgetary organizations monetary funds in banks through the use of an appropriate system of accounts.
-
Veselin Dekov
PRACTICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS
OF OFF-BALANCE SHEET REPORTING
OF SPENDING COMMITMENTS IN BUDGET ORGANIZATIONS
Abstract:
This article attempts to present the accounting aspect of spending commitments either signed for or immediately fulfilled by budget organizations. These are analysed in the context of changes in the normative base at the beginning of 2014. The author places emphasis on the practical and applied aspects of reporting mechanisms implemented by budget organizations, while at the same time presenting several general cases in the practice
-
Galina Chipriyanova
APPLIED ASPECTS OF ACCOUNTING BUDGETING
Abstract:
Unlike Bulgarian accounting theory and practice, global accounting theory and practice treat budgeting and analysis as a whole. The situation in our country in recent years has introduced a new concept of business budgeting. Managers already need to have a plan for the operation of an entity in following and future reporting periods and to link corporate planning and the process of performance assessment. Accounting staff have felt a strong need to set budget indicators and to compare actual performance to these budget indicators. In this way, the concept of "accounting budgeting" has been gradually introduced in our country. It refers to the process of determining the quantity and value of sales, production, costs, investments in non-current tangible and intangible assets, current assets and liabilities, cash receipts and payments and more. The end result, or the so-called product of the budgeting process, is presented on paper in the form of a document named "a budget" (a plan).
-
Andrey Burachenko
MEDIUM-TERM PLANNING AND BUDGETING AT A LOCAL LEVEL
Abstract:
This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of medium-term planning and budgeting at local level in contemporary Ukraine. The author emphasises that the completion of functions by local authority bodies in Ukraine require the realisation of effective measures and actions guaranteed by corresponding budgetary programmes. One significant aspect of the problem is the effectiveness of monitoring the completion of local budget programmes.
The article contains particular proposals regarding the budgetary reform carried out in Ukraine – the introduction of medium-term budget planning at both state and local level.
-
Radi Dimitrov
PROVIDING ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FOR THE AUDIT OF EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Abstract:
Professional players on the Russian market in microelectronics form temporary partnerships so that they can design and develop microelectronic devices with a certain life cycle. This paper proves that the capacity of such partnerships to develop successfully and to achieve the goals they have set depends on the stages of their development, i.e. the stages of a partnership life cycle. The materialisation of these partnerships refers to all stages of the technological value chain of microelectronic devices, which allows each professional player on the Russian market in microelectronics to perform their functions. Each stage of the partnership life cycle relates to specific features and key success factors. By analysing the stages of partnerships life cycles, it is possible to predict and identify potential problems in terms of the materialisation and development of inter-organisational relationships.
