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  SPILLOVER EFFECTS BETWEEN INDOCHINA METAL FUTURES MARKETS

  India and China have been at the top of the exporter, importer, producer and consumer economies. The two neighbouring countries provide the largest market in the world. They also share a similar history of development of their commodity derivatives markets. This paper aims to examine the direction of causality and spillover effect between the ... India and China have been at the top of the exporter, importer, producer and consumer economies. The two neighbouring countries provide the largest market in the world. They also share a similar history of development of their commodity derivatives markets. This paper aims to examine the direction of causality and spillover effect between the metal futures markets of the two economies. The analysis is done for metals such as copper, aluminium, zinc and gold in the period 2009 - 2020 by using Granger causality and Dynamic Conditional Correlation -GARCH (DCC-GARCH) models. The gold futures at the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) have a unidirectional causality on the gold futures traded at Shanghai Futures Exchanges (SHFE), unlike other metals having bidirectional causality. Similarly, GARCH results report only long-term volatility spillover for gold futures returns, while for the base metals, both short-term and long spillover exist. The findings indicate that the Indian metals futures market has started to influence the Chinese metal futures. The results have important implications for policymakers, regulators, industrialists and offshore traders of physical commodities in hedging their positions.

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  HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE DURING A PANDEMIC: COVID-19 AND THE CASE OF BULGARIA

  This article examines the expenditures of Bulgarian households during the COVID-19 pandemic. It specifies the theoretical and methodological features of the concepts of the household total and monetary expenditures and outlines their structure and specific characteristics. It also proves that the amount of total consumer expenditure is greater ... This article examines the expenditures of Bulgarian households during the COVID-19 pandemic. It specifies the theoretical and methodological features of the concepts of the household total and monetary expenditures and outlines their structure and specific characteristics. It also proves that the amount of total consumer expenditure is greater than the amount of monetary consumer expenditure. The structure and dynamics of the total expenditure average per household and per person are analyzed, deriving the factors that affect the trends in the change of the studied categories. The object of study is household total expenditure, and the subject involves the supposed role of COVID-19 as a factor that affects the state and dynamics of household total expenditure and/or its structure in Bulgaria. The conclusion is that there is a negative pandemic impact, but it should not be overestimated and/or dramatized.

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  EXPLAINING THE INTENTION OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS TO PERFORM ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES

  Recent studies have been promoting entrepreneurial competencies for software developers. However, software developers must have the intention to perform entrepreneurial competencies effectively. Therefore, this study aims to investigate behavioural intention of software developers by extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour with self-efficacy and ... Recent studies have been promoting entrepreneurial competencies for software developers. However, software developers must have the intention to perform entrepreneurial competencies effectively. Therefore, this study aims to investigate behavioural intention of software developers by extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour with self-efficacy and entrepreneurial competencies and indirect relationships via antecedents of behavioural intention. This study adopted a purposive sampling technique and validated 268 questionnaires for statistical analysis. A Partial Learning Algorithm was used for data analysis. The Perceived Behavioural Control has demonstrated extreme impact on the intention of software developers to perform entrepreneurial competencies when developing a software product, while the subjective norm has shown a negative impact on the software developers’ intention. The study presents empirical evidence meant for the applicability of the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour to perform entrepreneurial competencies effectively. The findings contribute valuable insights to the growing interest of researchers to explain software developer’s intention to perform entrepreneurial competencies.