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  HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE DURING A PANDEMIC: COVID-19 AND THE CASE OF BULGARIA

  This article examines the expenditures of Bulgarian households during the COVID-19 pandemic. It specifies the theoretical and methodological features of the concepts of the household total and monetary expenditures and outlines their structure and specific characteristics. It also proves that the amount of total consumer expenditure is greater ... This article examines the expenditures of Bulgarian households during the COVID-19 pandemic. It specifies the theoretical and methodological features of the concepts of the household total and monetary expenditures and outlines their structure and specific characteristics. It also proves that the amount of total consumer expenditure is greater than the amount of monetary consumer expenditure. The structure and dynamics of the total expenditure average per household and per person are analyzed, deriving the factors that affect the trends in the change of the studied categories. The object of study is household total expenditure, and the subject involves the supposed role of COVID-19 as a factor that affects the state and dynamics of household total expenditure and/or its structure in Bulgaria. The conclusion is that there is a negative pandemic impact, but it should not be overestimated and/or dramatized.

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  MARKET CAPITALIZATION FACTORS OF THE BULGARIAN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR IN PANDEMIC ENVIRONMENT

  The article is focused on the changes of the market capitalization in the Bulgarian pharmaceutical sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the article is to measure and justify the impact of a set of factors that affect the market capitalization of public companies from the Bulgarian pharmaceutical sector in a pandemic environment. The ... The article is focused on the changes of the market capitalization in the Bulgarian pharmaceutical sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the article is to measure and justify the impact of a set of factors that affect the market capitalization of public companies from the Bulgarian pharmaceutical sector in a pandemic environment. The main performance indicator under consideration is the market capitalization of the leading pharmaceutical companies included in the BGBX40 stock exchange index during the two-year pandemic period (from June 2020 until May 2022). For the purpose of the research, a multiple linear regression model (OLS) is employed with the help of GRETL open-source software. Four of the selected eight impact factors are related to the sales of medical products; three are related to COVID-19 statistics and the last is a stock market index. The results from the analyses evidence a strong relationship between the impact factors and the market capitalization of Bulgarian pharmaceutical companies during the pandemic. The coefficient of determination shows that 96% of the change in the market capitalization could be explained by the change in the factors included in the model. The growth of the market capitalization of the studied Bulgarian companies over a period of 2 years is comparable to that of the world leading pharmaceutical companies that offer COVID-19 vaccines.

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  DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF IMPLEMENTING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY INTO THE LOGISTICS SYSTEMS

  In a supply chain, buyers and suppliers usually try to supply goods or services based on medium or long-term contracts. When executing a supply contract, two partners are required to mutually agree on cooperation in order to successfully respond to uncertain market situations or a supply chain failure. The outcome of the partnership is assessing ... In a supply chain, buyers and suppliers usually try to supply goods or services based on medium or long-term contracts. When executing a supply contract, two partners are required to mutually agree on cooperation in order to successfully respond to uncertain market situations or a supply chain failure. The outcome of the partnership is assessing and considering renewal upon termination of the contract. A partnership after several contract renewals is often viewed as a strategic partnership. Strategic partnership can become more effective and show further growth. Blockchain, which has recently gained attention in the digital commerce market, has technical characteristics that can be used in cooperation between partners. The company’s activity is closely related to the need for cargo transportation. Today, the workflow process of delivery is being complicated by the low speed of the logistics cycle, long flow of documents and the presence of errors in them, and security issues. The objective of the research is to define the improvement of the transport logistics system of an industrial enterprise. To define the efficiency, we need to implement blockchain technology, which will solve existing problems in the field of supply management. In this study, the implementation stages of blockchain technology are considered and profitability is defined for future research. Since the analysis revealed the interdependence and mutual influence of transport and information support in the processes of transportation, we recommend using the performance indicators of the processes of transport and information logistics. Using the method of analyzing the types and consequences of potential problems, it was found that the main reason that the management of a chemical enterprise should first of all pay attention to complex with a continuous production cycle, is the timely execution of all operations preceding the shipment of finished products by a vehicle from the manufacturer. In second place in terms of importance and degree of influence on the transportation process is the execution of documentation, which directly affects the timing of transportation. Their delay leads to a delay in the departure of transport from the territory of the plant and, as a result, the financial costs of storing finished products in and out of the warehouse increase. As a result of the study, the logistics system of enterprises is considered to be one of the most complex and well-functioning mechanism. Despite the wide variety of interpretations of the basic concepts, it is concluded that the study will use the interpretation of definitions such as logistics, transport logistics, system, transport and transport logistics system. The orientation of the implementation of blockchain technology to the technological side of logistics reduces risks and significantly increases stability, since it forms its practical orientation.