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  MEASURING THE INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF TOURISM BUSINESSES IN BULGARIA

  The implementation of innovations in tourism enterprises is a key factor in increasing their competitiveness. A challenge for the tourism businesses in Bulgaria is to develop innovative solutions that will diversify their tourism products, optimize business operations and improve the overall efficiency of the tourism industry. The aim of this ... The implementation of innovations in tourism enterprises is a key factor in increasing their competitiveness. A challenge for the tourism businesses in Bulgaria is to develop innovative solutions that will diversify their tourism products, optimize business operations and improve the overall efficiency of the tourism industry. The aim of this research is to systematize and interpret theoretical and empirical statements of innovations in tourism in order to propose and test a model for measuring the innovation activity of tourist enterprises in Bulgaria and, based on this, to formulate conclusions and recommendations. This paper examines the scope of innovation activity of tourism enterprises and measures their innovation activity by means of a proposed model that has been tested in organizations providing tourism-related services. Research methodology includes induction and deduction, method of analysis and synthesis, analogy, content analysis, comparative analysis, survey, etc. As a result of the research, an innovation index is calculated, using the developed Model for measuring innovation activity in tourist enterprises, based on the evaluation of seven groups of qualitative indicators, and conclusions and recommendations are formulated for the promotion of innovation activity in the tourism sector. The tested model shows that it is possible to measure the innovation activity in the tourism sector by covering all enterprises offering the main tourism services.

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  PROFITABILITY PUZZLES: INSIGHTS FROM NORTH MACEDONIAN BANKS

  The profitability of banks, as an indicator of financial performance, reflects their ability to generate substantial revenues. Bank profits are essential for their survival, solvency, and growth in a highly competitive environment. Moreover, even if solvency is high, poor profitability undermines a bank’s capacity to absorb negative shocks, which ... The profitability of banks, as an indicator of financial performance, reflects their ability to generate substantial revenues. Bank profits are essential for their survival, solvency, and growth in a highly competitive environment. Moreover, even if solvency is high, poor profitability undermines a bank’s capacity to absorb negative shocks, which can eventually impact its solvency. Consequently, profitability has a vital role in maintaining the stability of the banking and financial system as a whole. Hence, the primary goal of this research is to analyze several important bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability in the Republic of North Macedonia. More specifically, the paper investigates how the Return on Average Assets (ROAA) is influenced by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Credit Risk (CR), Cost to Income Ratio (CIR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Inflation Rate (IR), and Gross Domestic Product Rate (GDPR). Using secondary data from trustworthy sources, covering quarterly time series from 2005:Q1 to 2023:Q4, we employ correlation analysis, Granger causality tests, as well as the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to examine both short- and long-run dependencies among the variables. The results confirm the statistically significant impact of the regressors on the dependent variable and provide a solid foundation for the successful management and enhancement of banks’ profitability.

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  PERCEPTIONS ABOUT IMPLEMENTATION OF SERVICE ROBOTS IN HOSPITALITY BUSINESSES IN KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

  Our goal is to assess the understanding and acceptance of robotization in hospitality, based on research done in the two countries. This research applies a survey method to collect respondents’ opinion of hospitality employees vs hospitality customers. The main sampling frames are formed by employees of hotels, restaurants and other hospitality ... Our goal is to assess the understanding and acceptance of robotization in hospitality, based on research done in the two countries. This research applies a survey method to collect respondents’ opinion of hospitality employees vs hospitality customers. The main sampling frames are formed by employees of hotels, restaurants and other hospitality businesses. Five hypotheses are studied and tested for the two categories of respondents in each country. The results from the statistical analysis differ for the studied countries, and between the two studied categories of respondents. The study confirms the expectations of improving the quality and increasing the effectiveness of robotizing the hospitality businesses. This research adds knowledge and understanding of how the hospitality employees and customers in Kazakhstan and Russia consider the implementation of service robots. The statistics show that the findings have value and can be used by hospitality managers when they consider possible robotization.