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  THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND MARKET ORIENTATION ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS

  Digital Transformation (DT) has become a critical factor for maintaining competitiveness in the financial sector. However, the interplay between Market Orientation (MO), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), DT, and their combined impact on Firm Performance (FP) remains underexplored, particularly in emerging markets such as Vietnam. This study ... Digital Transformation (DT) has become a critical factor for maintaining competitiveness in the financial sector. However, the interplay between Market Orientation (MO), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), DT, and their combined impact on Firm Performance (FP) remains underexplored, particularly in emerging markets such as Vietnam. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationships in Vietnam's financial industry. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was applied to analyze 250 valid responses collected from 2,411 commercial bank branches in Southeast Vietnam. Stratified sampling and snowball sampling methods ensured regional representation. The findings reveal that DT directly enhances FP and acts as a key mediator, strengthening the effects of MO and CSR. DT facilitates real-time responsiveness, enhances transparency, and integrates technological advances with market and social strategies. The study highlights the strategic importance of embedding DT into CSR and MO frameworks to optimize efficiency, achieve sustainable development, and create competitive advantages in an increasingly digitized financial sector.

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  PROFITABILITY PUZZLES: INSIGHTS FROM NORTH MACEDONIAN BANKS

  The profitability of banks, as an indicator of financial performance, reflects their ability to generate substantial revenues. Bank profits are essential for their survival, solvency, and growth in a highly competitive environment. Moreover, even if solvency is high, poor profitability undermines a bank’s capacity to absorb negative shocks, which ... The profitability of banks, as an indicator of financial performance, reflects their ability to generate substantial revenues. Bank profits are essential for their survival, solvency, and growth in a highly competitive environment. Moreover, even if solvency is high, poor profitability undermines a bank’s capacity to absorb negative shocks, which can eventually impact its solvency. Consequently, profitability has a vital role in maintaining the stability of the banking and financial system as a whole. Hence, the primary goal of this research is to analyze several important bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability in the Republic of North Macedonia. More specifically, the paper investigates how the Return on Average Assets (ROAA) is influenced by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Credit Risk (CR), Cost to Income Ratio (CIR), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Inflation Rate (IR), and Gross Domestic Product Rate (GDPR). Using secondary data from trustworthy sources, covering quarterly time series from 2005:Q1 to 2023:Q4, we employ correlation analysis, Granger causality tests, as well as the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to examine both short- and long-run dependencies among the variables. The results confirm the statistically significant impact of the regressors on the dependent variable and provide a solid foundation for the successful management and enhancement of banks’ profitability.

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  SPACE INSURANCE – INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE INSURANCE BUSINESS

  The study focuses on the theoretical and applied aspects of insurance in the aerospace industry. The author's aspiration is to substantiate the role of space insurance as one of the main methods of increasing corporate security in space companies. The increased insurance needs and interests in the space sector in recent years have stimulated ... The study focuses on the theoretical and applied aspects of insurance in the aerospace industry. The author's aspiration is to substantiate the role of space insurance as one of the main methods of increasing corporate security in space companies. The increased insurance needs and interests in the space sector in recent years have stimulated innovations in insurance activity and posed new challenges for insurers. The harmonious combination of insurance with the prevention and limitation of the impact of space risks is a prerequisite for effective corporate risk management in the space sector. The article proposes a model of the space insurance market, which analyses the relationships between its entities and substantiates the interrelationships between the space industry and the insurance business.