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  CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN THE ERA OF NEW ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN BULGARIA AND TÜRKIYE

  The background of the research is based upon the conclusions of the International Transport Forum (OECD, 2-21) that one of the big challenges for the environment comes from the transportation sector, which is responsible for approximately 23% of the discharged CO2 emissions; this quantity is expected to increase to 40% by 2030 and to 60% by 2050. ... The background of the research is based upon the conclusions of the International Transport Forum (OECD, 2-21) that one of the big challenges for the environment comes from the transportation sector, which is responsible for approximately 23% of the discharged CO2 emissions; this quantity is expected to increase to 40% by 2030 and to 60% by 2050. The already expressed negative tendency is calling for new models for freight transport represented in the form of inter-modality. This means the logistics side of international economic relations, represented by land mode of transport (road and rail), inland waterways, short-sea shipping, and even airborne transport at short distances, should make use of viable combinations to decrease the harmful substances; it also concerns domestic transport policy which should stimulate non-road transportation solutions. The European Green Deal practically outlines the plan for the decarbonization of the economies of the member states of the union until 2050, with the aim of improving the well-being and health of European citizens and future generations with an accent over transport activities. Usually, logistics providers offer transport solutions, combining several modes, led by stakeholders’ expectations for reduced time and costs of transferring goods, reliability, and frequency of services. The biggest challenge is to design a resilient transport network, where the users can easily switch between transport modes in real time, while there is enough evidence that combined transport solutions are in accordance with the contemporary requirements towards freight transport. Infrastructure investments, easing transborder connections and interoperability in general have a positive effect over the development of combined transport. This paper is addressing the opportunities and difficulties in employing combined transport solutions using the methodology SWOT-TOWS and applying the research results to the existing possibilities in Bulgaria and Turkey as a neighbor non-EU country in the role of advanced competitor in the development of combined transport solutions. The conclusions confirm that economic development and its interaction and dependence on international logistics development is the most important factor of the environment encouraging or detaining the combined transport solutions. It also affects investments in transport infrastructure, the application of ITS and AI, the technological factors influencing the general trends of transport development and in particular, freight transport.

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  CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF E-COMMERCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

  E-commerce is the fastest growing segment in the trade sector and is of ever-increasing importance to the economy of the European Union. However, huge imbalances occur between individual countries when measuring the intensity of this type of trade. In the context of the new realities, the aim of the present study is, based on cluster analysis, to ... E-commerce is the fastest growing segment in the trade sector and is of ever-increasing importance to the economy of the European Union. However, huge imbalances occur between individual countries when measuring the intensity of this type of trade. In the context of the new realities, the aim of the present study is, based on cluster analysis, to segment and identify the differences between the EU Member States in the field of e-commerce, and on this basis to formulate corresponding conclusions. Cluster analysis is applied to selected indicators (I) for measuring e-commerce in the European countries—I1. “E-commerce sales of enterprises”; I2. “Value of e-commerce sales”; I3. “Internet purchases by individuals”. The clustering of the studied data refer to 2024. Technical processing and calculations are made using IBM SPSS Statistics. As a result of the study conducted, the 27 Member States are differentiated into four homogeneous clusters, which allows them to be interpreted as: leading countries in the e-commerce segment; countries catching up with the leaders; countries moderately advancing in e-commerce; countries in an unenviably lagging position.

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  THE PRACTICE OF WEBROOMING IN GENERATION Z: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON PERUVIAN BUYERS

  This article focuses on the practice of webrooming among Generation Z youth residing in metropolitan Lima. The research seeks to answer the following question: How do convenience orientation and impulse buying propensity influence the practice of webrooming, and how does this practice impact channel integration and purchase preferences in physical ... This article focuses on the practice of webrooming among Generation Z youth residing in metropolitan Lima. The research seeks to answer the following question: How do convenience orientation and impulse buying propensity influence the practice of webrooming, and how does this practice impact channel integration and purchase preferences in physical stores? To address this, a conceptual model was developed based on relevant academic literature, which was validated through field research. An online survey with Likert-scale questions was conducted with a non-probability sample of 384 young individuals with webrooming experience. Data analysis was carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), a technique appropriate for the type of hypotheses and sample size. The main results reveal that: 1) convenience orientation negatively influences webrooming; 2) impulse buying in digital media is driven by factors such as website design, product features, and retailer strategies; and 3) webrooming moderates the relationship between channel integration and purchase intention in physical stores, particularly among Generation Z consumers. These findings contribute both to the academic field and to omnichannel retail management by providing a better understanding of the behavior of a key segment entering the Economically Active Population.