Business Management

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  POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR DEVELOPING EU TRADE RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA

  The study presents general scenarios for the future development of EU trade relations with Russia, which are conditionally marked as ‘stagnation’, ‘optimistic’ and ‘pessimistic’. The dynamics of the sanctions regime is used as a key indicator for distinguishing these scenarios. We associate the first scenario, called ‘stagnation’, with the ... The study presents general scenarios for the future development of EU trade relations with Russia, which are conditionally marked as ‘stagnation’, ‘optimistic’ and ‘pessimistic’. The dynamics of the sanctions regime is used as a key indicator for distinguishing these scenarios. We associate the first scenario, called ‘stagnation’, with the expectations of a serious slowdown in the economic growth of the EU and Russia. The second, described as ‘optimistic’, is based on expectations for a gradual recovery and development of the trade relations between the two countries over a long period of time. The third scenario is defined as ‘pessimistic’, given the consolidated tightening of anti-Russian sanctions within the transatlantic alliance and the expansion of Russia’s countermeasures.

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  CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE AFTER ‘ODA GRADUATION’ - MOVING TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF VIETNAM

  The research on ODA will be focused on its relation to Goal 17, the Partnership, considered a major issue by the researchers, especially in the case of Vietnam as a developing economy. ODA was mainly used for investing in economic infrastructure when Vietnam witnessed a downfall in receiving financial aid due to its significant economic growth. ... The research on ODA will be focused on its relation to Goal 17, the Partnership, considered a major issue by the researchers, especially in the case of Vietnam as a developing economy. ODA was mainly used for investing in economic infrastructure when Vietnam witnessed a downfall in receiving financial aid due to its significant economic growth. ODA helped Vietnam transform from one of the world’s poorest nations into a lower middle-income country and soon, this is going to lead to the ‘ODA Graduation’. However, the process has just begun. The country is still in a process of industrialization and modernization and its socio-economic situation has not been stable or solid. By all means, ODA is not only a financial resource, it also helps the country to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN. ‘ODA Graduation’ means that the economy of Vietnam has faced certain challenges such as increasing pressure of outbound debts; raising impact on social development or imbalance between high capital recovery investments and public-services investments. However, ‘ODA Graduation’ has brought certain opportunities such as increasing Vietnam’s independence in capital mobilization, preventing the removal of tariffs barrier, reducing losses and waste of funds. This research gives recommendations for improving Vietnam’s economic situation and can help overcome the difficulties in the period of ‘ODA Graduation’.

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  STRATEGIC MARKETING RELATIONS IN THE BEEKEEPING SECTOR IN RUSE DISTRICT

  Farms are facing a marketing problem (difficult realization and low competitiveness), which requires strategic relationship marketing at sectoral (beekeeping, etc.) and regional level - Ruse district, etc. The aim is to study the role and importance of vertical relationships for developing the beekeeping sector in Ruse district. The grounds for ... Farms are facing a marketing problem (difficult realization and low competitiveness), which requires strategic relationship marketing at sectoral (beekeeping, etc.) and regional level - Ruse district, etc. The aim is to study the role and importance of vertical relationships for developing the beekeeping sector in Ruse district. The grounds for the formation of relationships in the beekeeping sector in Ruse district and the opportunities for their vertical development through B2C (business client) and B2B (business business) relationships are analyzed. The strategic relations at sectoral (beekeeping) and regional level (Ruse district) open access to markets, resources, know-how, etc., creating preconditions for increasing the national and international competitiveness and profitability of the sector and the region, as well as overcoming regional and sectoral problems. Beekeeping farms in Ruse region can be equal partners, incl. leaders in vertical marketing systems (VMS) of bee and other products, mainly through sectoral and regional relationships, which will provide them with stronger positions compared to other members of the distribution channels - suppliers, intermediaries, traders and others. They need to switch to vertical relationships for more profitable sales of their products, focusing on direct sales to end users and participation in VMS.